G’day,
An exciting project.
Yes, you could use an Arduino Uno R3, but per network node it will be large and expensive. Some of the other controllers are smaller and cheaper. Such as the Adafruit Feather range, which come in several different wireless frequencies and protocols; WiFi, LoRa, and others.
You may need something as your logging or computer connected node; to get the data off the network to somewhere you can use it. One more of whatever wireless controller you choose.
Yes, you could use one of the LiPo Rider modules to charge a battery from a solar panel. You would need to use a controller module that can run off the battery or from the 5V output of the LiPo Rider. The Adafruit Feather can also run direct from a LiPo battery.
Your wind speed sensor is very limiting. You are going to have to use a boost, or step-up, regulator to generate suitable voltage to run it. There are boost regulators from Pololu which can be turned on and off by your controller; so you can sample once a minute to save power.
Solar panels at each side of a building every four levels will be difficult; because there are usually sides of a building that are in shadow.
A breadboard is not really suitable for this task; the wires can fall out over weeks or months with vibration and thermal cycles of the environment. Once free of the sockets, the wires can touch other things in the box. Use a breadboard to help with design, prototyping and testing, but plan to move to soldered wires and circuit boards. If you have to use breadboards, anchor each wire down with polyimide silicone adhesive tape.
There are several light sensors that can approximate a solar radiation sensor; visible, IR, or UV. Check out the TSL235R. A small solar cell can be used as an uncalibrated sensor, if you can calibrate the readings against a calibrated instrument. A calibrated solar irradiance sensor is way more work, and I’ve not seen them available cheaply.
If the building is yours, then you need not worry so much about the safety of the LiPo battery. If the building belongs to someone else, you may need to assure them that you’ve thought about the battery catching fire, and risk to pedestrians from falling flaming modules. 
Don’t worry about the confusion. It is normal; a sign you are faced with lots of choices and are having to choose without enough information. Relax and enjoy the confusion, and keep asking questions everywhere.
